The project is an extending work for Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) to promote the installation of regional bioenergy centers, especially for three islets out of main territory of Taiwan island. The major scope of work also includes developing district heating and cooling system around refuse incineration plants and other services accompanied with EPA policies on public and private partnership (PPP), assistance on field trip plans abroad and holding a local technical forum. The master plan on promotion of installing regional bioenergy centers at three islets is revised according to comprehensive policy evaluation by EPA when considering local technical supports and overall cost benefit effects. The plan was then amended to enhance the existing refuse treatment scheme which is going to install new modular waste sorting equipment, retrofit the existing waste treatment facilities, and keep subsidizing shipping and transportation of waste to refuse incineration plants in Taiwan island. Moreover, a study on bio-CNG application to vehicles from potential bioenergy centers recommends that pilot project be execute in Taiwan island first instead of at the three islets, due to economic scale of productivity, logistic barriers and other inevitable interfaces. In terms of PPP model to promote bioenergy facilities, a guaranteed amount of kitchen waste is one of the crucial factors to success. Based on different refuse source separation and pay-as-you-throw policies in Taiwan, cities in northern area bear potential and priority to construct regional anaerobic digestion (AD) bioenergy centers since the kitchen waste amount is relatively sufficient. On the other hand, cities and counties in central and southern area, various livestock manures are the major feedstocks to AD bioenergy centers, which could be in combination with few local kitchen waste to support AD facilities in a reasonable economic scale. The financial analysis also shows that it is difficult to be self-liquidated under an insufficient income of tipping fee and energy sale price. In case to attract private investment, government subsidy shall be necessary. For developing district heating and cooling system around refuse incineration plants, Taoyuan Plant, Letzer Plant and Renwu Plant are recommended since they are adjacent to local industrial manufacturers which have process steam requirements. Economic analysis indicated that the net annual income from steam sale based on recent unit price for Taoyuan, Letzer and Renwu Plant was 19.57, 2.51 and 64.48 million NT dollars, respectively. Regarding the total thermal efficiency, Taoyuan, Letzer and Renwu Plant will be increased by 2.7%、2.8% and 6%. The greenhouse gas (GHG) emission will be also reduced about 90,000 metric tons per year in total CO2 equivalent. The way to reach the above mentioned synergy was suggested to be led by Ministry of Economic Affairs with the administrative support from EPA in waste management and dispatch. The initial cost required for district heating and cooling system should be directly subsidized by government sectors through applying Economical Developing Project, or make a deal with Energy Services Companies (ESCO) for a long term contract of investment and operation.

Offshore Islets, Regional Bioenergy Centers, Public and Private Partnership (PPP), Refuse Incineration Plants, District Heating and Cooling System